How the Indian Ocean Geoid Low Was Formed

The origin of the Earth's lowest geoid, Indian Ocean geoid low (IOGL) has been controversial. predicted from present-day tomography models shown that mid to upper mantle hot anomalies are integral in generating IOGL. Here we assimilate plate reconstruction global convection starting 140 Ma and show sinking Tethyan slabs perturbed African Large Low Shear Velocity province generated plumes beneath Ocean, which led formation this negative anomaly. We also can be reproduced by surrounding density anomalies, without having them present directly low. tune viscosity thermochemical piles at core-mantle boundary, Clapeyron slope jump 660 km discontinuity, strength slabs, control rise plumes, turn determine shape amplitude